resulting in increased pressure

stability thus causing internal conflicts which can lead to population movements across borders. Venezuela became an economic disaster after its citizens lost wealth to falling international oil prices alongside its administrative dysfunction. Under such conditions, Venezuela has become the source of a humanitarian crisis that pushes 6 million of its citizens to leave their homes resulting in increased pressure on Colombia and Brazil. Some petrostates take assertive measures to defend their interests through manipulation of energy prices together with proxy-conflict engagement. The Middle Eastern nation Iran serves as an example by using revenue from oil to fund military groups in the area that raise regional conflict levels. The progress of alternative energy transitions will cause petrostate geopolitical methods to transform into new international security challenges. สล็อต